ABSTRACT
Aim: The existence of Orchid Mycorrhizal Fungi (OMF) has a role to stimulate growth and support the supply of orchid nutrition as a biofertilizer agent. This study aimed to determine the association of mycorrhizal with Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Blume which was carried out through the effectiveness test of two Indonesian orchid mycorrhizal isolates i.e. Ceratorhiza and Trichoderma. Study Design: This study consisted of 4 treatments. Each treatment was repeated 3 times, each repetition of 5 plantlets, so that the total plantlet used was 60. Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia, between June 2017 and April 2018. Methodology: The method of inoculating orchid mycorrhizal by placing a plantlet in a petri dish containing orchid mycorrhizal for 1, 2, 3, and 4 days. Then plantlets are grown on sterile moss growing media and acclimatized in a greenhouse. Observation of each treatment is carried out every day for the next month. Observation variables include the number of initial and final roots, the number of live and dead roots, and the number of living and dead plants. Results: The results of the orchid mycorrhizal induction test showed that the Ceratorhiza inoculation treatment showed a fluctuation in the mean increase in the number of final roots, live roots, dead roots, and dead plantlets that were higher than the Trichoderma inoculation treatment. The results also showed that the best inoculation time on Ceratorhiza and Trichoderma was day 3 and 4. The adaptation process had the effect of increasing the number of dead roots in weeks 1 and 2. The adaptation process stopped at the beginning of week 4 with the number of new roots appearing a lot. Conclusion: Orchid mycorrhizal Ceratorhiza shows the value of effectiveness test compared with Trichoderma. The results of this study are expected to be basic information in efforts to cultivate natural orchids in Indonesia.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the zoonotic potency of Escherichia coli O157:H7 through arbitrarily primed-PCR (AP-PCR) methods as one of the DNA fingerprinting methods. Methods: A total of 14 isolates consisted of 11 isolates originated from human feces with renal failure symptoms, 2 isolates originated from cattle feces, and 1 control isolate were used in this study. DNA of each isolate was extracted, and their profiles were studied by using AP-PCR method with M13 F and M13 R arbitrary primers. Results: The results founded that all of 14 isolates had similarity range from 54.6% to 88.5%. Isolates KL-106(3) and KL-55(6) originated from humans showed the degree of similarity with isolates SM-25(1) and SM-7(1) originated from cattle as high as 85% and 77%, respectively. Conclusions: The high degree of similarity between isolates originated from cattle and human indicated the high potency of zoonoses. The results also concluded AP-PCR method as a briefly fingerprinting method in order to trace the epidemiological of E. coli O157:H7.
ABSTRACT
During the period January to April 1977, 34 dogs were autopsied and examined for hookworms in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, A. caninum was found in all 34 dogs (100%), A. ceylanicum in 33 dogs (97.1%) and A. braziliense in 7 dogs (20.6%). The dogs yielded 2,213 ancylostomes, of which 1,188 were A. caninum, 989 A. ceylanicum and only 36 were A. braziliense. All species of hookworms appeared to be more concentrated in the jejunum than in the duodenum or ileum. The lesion produced, proved to be a traumatic injury and was mostly superficial and never reached the submucosa.